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Full-thickness · advanced cases · re-grafts

PKP in Cairo: when partial-thickness grafts aren't enough.

Penetrating Keratoplasty replaces the entire thickness of the cornea, the right choice for deep central scarring, severe infectious sequelae, advanced keratoconus with central thinning, and failed prior transplants. We do PKP only when DALK or DMEK aren't feasible. From $3,000.

Penetrating Keratoplasty (PKP) with Dr. Ahmed Shaarawy, Shaarawy Cornea Clinic

Why choose us

International standard. Regional access.

Devers Eye Institute fellowship

Trained in advanced keratoplasty under Prof. Mark A. Terry, same protocols you'd find at any major US cornea center.

AAO-published Graft Exchange DALK technique

Smart Splash and Graft Exchange DALK, both featured as AAO Editors' Choice surgical videos. We re-graft failed transplants regularly.

Always DALK first when possible

DALK preserves your endothelium and lowers rejection risk. We commit to PKP only when DALK isn't anatomically feasible.

Internationally sourced tissue

Donor tissue imported from VisionGift / Saving Sight (USA) with full chain-of-custody documentation. ≤48h sourcing.

Letter of recommendation

In Prof. Mark Terry's own words

Excerpts from the letter Prof. Mark A. Terry, Director of Corneal Services at the Devers Eye Institute, wrote for Dr. Shaarawy on 25 January 2015, at the end of his time in Portland.

In surgery, Ahmed assisted me in complex cataracts, anterior segment reconstructions, ocular surface reconstructions, and all forms of corneal transplantation including DMEK, DSAEK, DALK and PK. I often relied upon his observations during surgery and his objective advice when we got into difficult situations on complex cases. I have no doubt that he will deliver the kind of surgical care that will be the envy of his peers when he returns to Egypt.
In his research efforts for his thesis on relaxing incisions in DALK and PK patients, Ahmed was thoughtful and thorough and his insights have advanced the field. He initiated multiple experiments in the laboratory looking at endothelial damage from the iris and the IOL that can occur in DSAEK and DMEK surgery. In addition, he demonstrated amazing ingenuity in his laboratory experiments with alternate ways to unscroll the DMEK graft in the anterior chamber, a key stumbling block for many novice DMEK surgeons.
Legacy Health letterhead: Letter of Recommendation, Ahmed Mohammad Alshaarawy
In summary: Dr. Ahmed Alshaarawy is an excellent and compassionate clinician, a surgeon on the cutting edge of corneal transplant techniques, and a scientist with unique perspectives and boundless energy that will lead to exciting discoveries in our field. Whatever clinical and academic program he chooses will benefit immensely from his membership. Mark A. Terry, M.D., Director, Corneal Services, Devers Eye Institute, January 25, 2015.

Tripoli, March 2022

Libya's national corneal transplant programme

Visiting surgeon for the programme the Libyan Ministry of Health launched at Tripoli University Hospital: about 20 corneal transplants in one week, restarting the surgery there after a pause of nearly eight years.

The full story and sources

Corneal transplant map

Which layer of your cornea is damaged?

Choose what matches your case

Scarring in the front layers, with the inner endothelial layer still healthy

DALK, deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty

Only the damaged front layers are replaced. Your own endothelium stays where it is, and that is the layer rejection usually targets.

Endothelial disease, so the cornea holds water and vision is foggiest after waking

DMEK or DSAEK, endothelial keratoplasty

The pump layer at the back is what failed, so only that thin sheet is exchanged and the rest of your cornea is left alone.

Damage or scarring through every layer, or a previous graft that failed

PKP, penetrating keratoplasty

When no healthy layer is left to build on, the cornea is replaced through its full thickness.

This is an orientation guide. Your corneal exam (topography, Pentacam and anterior OCT) decides which graft fits, not this guide.

Book a corneal exam
Real patient experience

A patient from Al-Arish after a full corneal transplant

Fifteen days after a full-thickness corneal transplant, a patient from Al-Arish talks about the fear he had before surgery and how much easier he feels now.

"I was afraid the night before the operation, I was hesitant too, at my age."

★★★★★
Real patient experience

A patient from Saudi Arabia after a repeat full-thickness transplant

A patient from Saudi Arabia who works in the medical field. A full-thickness transplant done elsewhere had failed, so Dr. Ahmed Shaarawy repeated it. About six months on, with the stitches still in, his vision with glasses is 6/9 and his astigmatism only 3 diopters.

"Thank God, it was really excellent, and I felt reassured from the first step to the last."

★★★★★
Real patient experience

A patient from Bahrain after a first transplant failed

Jamal, from Bahrain, two weeks after a repeat full-thickness corneal transplant, after more than eighteen years of corneal disease and a first operation that failed.

"I was afraid and hesitant, because the old transplant had left me frustrated and hopeless."

★★★★★

Procedures & pricing

Transparent USD pricing.

Final cost is set after clinical examination. Local-currency equivalents available on request. Insurance reports issued for international patients.

ProcedureBest forFrom (USD)
PKP (standard)Conventional full-thickness transplant$3,000
PKP + cataract (triple)Combined with phaco + IOL$3,400
PKP after a failed transplantRepeat transplant after rejection or decompensation, quoted case-by-case$3,000
تجربة مريض حقيقية

Watch a real patient's experience with Dr. Ahmed Shaarawy

A real patient story: from diagnosis to restored vision after corneal transplantation.

Common questions

Frequently asked.

Why PKP instead of DALK?
DALK preserves your own endothelium and has a lower rejection rate. We choose DALK whenever the disease is anterior (above Descemet's membrane). PKP becomes necessary when the deep stroma or endothelium is involved, failed prior grafts, full-thickness scars, severe infection sequelae.
What's the rejection risk?
PKP carries the highest rejection risk of the keratoplasty family, because the entire cornea is replaced: DMEK and DSAEK both carry a significantly lower risk (Anshu, Price & Price, Ophthalmology. 2012;119(3):536-540, PMID 22218143), and DALK avoids endothelial rejection altogether by leaving your own endothelium in place. How high the risk runs for you depends most on why the graft was needed: keratoconus is one of the best indications there is, while eyes with corneal vessels or active inflammation are far higher-risk. Most rejection episodes are reversible if caught early; topical steroids are first-line treatment.
How long is recovery?
Visual recovery is slow: useful vision in 3-6 months, full stability in 12-18 months as sutures are progressively removed. Plan for 12 months of close follow-up post-op.
Can sutures be removed locally after I return home?
Yes. We provide a detailed suture removal schedule and protocol in English. Most international patients have their sutures removed by their local ophthalmologist with our written instructions, returning to Cairo only for the major checks.

Book your consultation

Pick a day and time. The first visit is an eye exam with Dr. Ahmed Shaarawy, who tells you which option suits your eyes.

Send your case for a transplant recommendation.

Recent topography, OCT, and any prior surgical history are enough to start. We'll respond within 24 hours with whether DMEK / DSAEK / DALK / PKP is the right choice for your eye, the all-in cost, and a travel plan.

Medical references

  1. Anshu A, Price MO, Price FW Jr. "Risk of corneal transplant rejection significantly reduced with Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty." Ophthalmology. 2012;119(3):536-540. PMID: 22218143. rejection risk after DMEK significantly lower than after DSEK or penetrating keratoplasty.
  2. Williams KA, Lowe M, Bartlett C, Kelly TL, Coster DJ. "Risk factors for human corneal graft failure within the Australian Corneal Graft Registry." Transplantation. 2008;86(12):1720-1724. PMID: 19104411. Registry probability of penetrating graft survival was 87% at 1 year, 73% at 5 years, 60% at 10 years and 46% at 15 years across 14,622 grafts with archival follow-up.
  3. Dr. Ahmed Shaarawy: 20+ years of corneal and refractive surgery, Devers Eye Institute fellowship (Portland, Oregon), two surgical techniques published in the AAO video series. The figures on this page come from the published literature, not from this clinic's own patients.
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